Lesson 77 Successful operation

中文

一例成功的手术

死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。

这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。

由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的X光片子上有点奇怪的斑点，所以，医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。

搞清的唯一办法就是手术。

手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。

医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片，送去化验。

他们还发现了X光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。

这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。

医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。

他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后，它会散成碎片，但幸运得很，这种情况并未发生。

这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。

英文

The mummy [ˈmʌmi] of an Egyptian [iˈdʒɪpʃn] woman who died in 800 B.C has just had an operation.

The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer [ˈsɪŋə(r)] in the Temple of Thebes [θiːbz].

As there were strange [streɪndʒ] marks [mɑːrks] on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease [dɪˈziːz].

The only way to do this was to operate.

The operation, which lasted [ˈlɑːstɪd] for over four hours, proved [pruːvd] to be very difficult because of the hard resin [ˈrezɪn] which covered the skin.

The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory [ləˈbɒrətri].

They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax [wæks] figure of the god Duamutef.

This god which has the head of cow was normally placed inside a mummy.

The doctors [ˈdɑktər] have not yet decided how the woman died.

They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.

The mummy successfully survived [səˈvaɪvd] the operation.

分析

The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C has just had an operation.

• complex sentence:
  • The mummy of an Egyptian woman has just had an operation
    • The mummy of an Egyptian woman [subject]
    • has just had [predicate verb phrase] [present perfect tense]
    • just [adverbial]
    • an operation [object]
  • who died in 800B.C
    • who + clause [attributive clause]
    • who [subject]
    • died [predicate verb phrase]
    • in 800 B.C [adverbial of time]
• knowledge:
  • have + an + operation v. [体]动手术

---

The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.

• complex sentence:
  • the mummy is that of Shepenmut
  • who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.
    • who [subject]
    • was [be verb]
    • once [adverbial]
    • a singer in the temple of Thebes [predicative] [noun phrase]

---

As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctor have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease .

• complex sentence:
  • as there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy
    • as + clause [adverbial clause of cause]
    • there [subject]
    • were [be verb]
    • strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy. [predicative] [noun phrase]
      • taken of the mummy [done as attributive] => X-ray plates
  • the doctor has been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
    • doctor [subject]
    • have been trying to [predicate verb phrase]
    • to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease [to-do as object]
      • find out [verb phrase]
      • whether the woman died of a rare disease [object clause]
        • the woman [subject]
        • died of [predicate verb phrase]
        • a rare disease [object]
• knowledge:
  • die + of + sth. v. 死于..., 因...而死

---

The only way to do this was to operate.

• simple sentence:
  • The only way [subject]
  • was [be verb]
  • to operate [to-do as predicative]
  • to do this [attributive] => on the way

---

The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin .

• complex sentence:
  • The operation proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.
    • the operation [subject]
    • proved to do [predicate verb phrase]
    • to be very difficult [to-do as object]
    • because of the hard resin which covered the skin [adverbial clause] => to be very difficult
      • which + clause [attributive clause]
      • which [subject]
      • covered [predicate verb phrase]
      • the skin [object]
• knowledge:
  • prove + to + do. + (sth.)
  • because + of + sth. prep. 因为..., 由于...
  • because of
    • because of是复合介词，其后接可作宾语成份的名词、代词、动名词、what开头的从句等。
  • because
    • because是连词，其后接句子。 引导原因状语从句

---

The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory .

• compound sentence:
  • The doctors removed a section of the mummy
    • The doctors [subject]
    • removed [predicate verb phrase]
    • a section of the mummy [object]
  • and
  • The doctors send it to a laboratory
    • The doctors [subject]
    • sent ... to ... [predicate verb phrase]
    • it [direct object]
    • a laboratory [prepositional object phrase]
• knowledge:
  • send + sth.① + to + sth.②

---

They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef.

• complex sentence:
  • They also found something
    • They [subject]
    • found [predicate verb phrase]
    • something [object]
  • which the X-ray plates did no show
    • which + clause [attributive clause] => something
    • the x-ray plates [subject]
    • did no show [predicate verb phrase]
  • a small wax figure of the god Duamutef

---

This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy.

• complex sentence:
  • this god was normally placed inside a mummy
    • this god [subject]
    • was placed {[prepositional object phrase]} [predicate verb phrase] [passive form of verb]
    • normally [adverbial]
    • inside a mummy [prepositional object phrase]
  • which has the head of a cow
    • which + clause [attributive clause] => this god
    • which [subject]
    • has [predicate verb phrase]
    • the head of a cow
• knowledge:
  • place + sth.① + prep. + sth.②
    • sth.① 当前为 this god
    • prep. 当前为 inside
    • sth.② 当前为 a mummy

---

The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.

• complex sentence:

  • The doctors [subject]
  • not yet [adverbial of accompany]
  • have decided [predicate verb phrase]
  • how the woman died [object clause]

• knowledge:

  • decide + [object clause] vt. 决定...; 对...作出[决定/抉择]; 裁决..., 判决...
  • 以 how 开头的名词性从句
  • not + yet adv. 尚未, 还没有

---

They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this had not happened.

• compound sentence:
  • They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open,
    • They feared that + [object clause]
    • the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open
      • the mummy [subject]
      • would fall to [predicate verb phrase]
      • pieces [object]
      • when they cut it open
        • when + clause [adverbial clause of time]
  • but
  • fortunately this had not happened
    • fortunately [adverbial]
    • this [subject]
    • has not happened [predicate verb phrase]
• knowledge:
  • fear + (that) 引导的宾语从句 v. 害怕, 恐惧, 为...担心, 敬畏、
  • fall + to + pieces v. 跌碎

---

The mummy successfully survived the operation.

• simple sentence:
  • The mummy [subject]
  • successfully [adverbial]
  • survived [predicate verb phrase]
  • the operation [object]

---

• fall to pieces 成为碎片
• die of 因....而死
• have an operation 做手术