Lesson 71 A famous clock

中文

一个著名的大钟

当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。

如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。

“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。

此钟不仅外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。

格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。

当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。

“大本”钟很多出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错。

在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！

英文

When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard [hɜːd] all over the world on the B.B.C.

If the Houses [ˈhaʊzɪz] of Parliament had not been burned [bɜːnd] down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected [ɪˈrektɪd].

Big Ben takes [teɪks] it name from Sir Benjamin [ˈbendʒəmɪn] Hall [hɔːl] who was responsible [rɪˈspɒnsəb(ə)l] for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.

It is not only of immense [ɪˈmens] size, but is extremely [ɪkˈstriːmli] accurate [ˈækjərət] as well.

Officials from Greenwich [ˈɡrenɪtʃ; ˈɡrenɪdʒ] Observatory have the clock checked [tʃekt] twice a day.

On the B.B.C you can hear the clock when it is actually [ˈæktʃuəli] striking [ˈstraɪkɪŋ] because microphones are connected to the clock tower [ˈtaʊə(r)].

Bing Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed [feɪld] to give the correct [kəˈrekt] time.

A painter [ˈpeɪntə(r)] who had been working on the tower hung [hʌŋ] a pot of paint on one of the hands [hændz] and slowed it down!

分析

When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the BBC.

• complex sentence:
  • When you visit London
    • when + clause [adverbial clause of time]
    • you [subject]
    • visit [predicate verb phrase]
    • London [object]
  • one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the BBC. [predicative] [noun phrase]
    • one of the first things you will see [subject]
      • you will see [attributive clause] => things
    • is [be verb]
    • Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the BBC. [predicative]
      • which can be heard all over the world on the BBC [attributive clause]
        • which [subject]
        • can be heard [predicate verb phrase]
        • all over the world [adverbial of place]
        • on the BBC [adverbial of place]
• knowledge:
  • all + over + the + world
    • prep. 全世界

---

If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.

• complex sentence:
  • If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834
    • if + clause [adverbial clause of condition]
    • the Houses of Parliament [subject]
    • had not been burned down [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect tense] [passive form of verb]
    • in 1834 [adverbial of time]
  • the great clock would never have been erected.
    • the great clock [subject]
    • would never have been erected [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect tense] [passive form of verb]
• knowledge:
  • 这是一个表示与过去事实不相符的虚拟语气结构

---

Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.

• complex sentence:
  • Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall
    • Big Ben [subject]
    • takes its name from [predicate verb phrase]
    • Sir Benjamin Hall [object]
  • who was responsible for making of the clock
    • who + clause [attributive clause]
    • who [subject]
    • was [be verb]
    • responsible for making of the clock [predicative] [noun phrase]
  • when the new Houses of Parliament were being built
    • when + clause [adverbial clause of time]
    • the new Houses of Parliament [subject]
    • were being built [past continuous tense] [passive form of verb]
• knowledge:
  • take its name from 以....命名
  • be. + responsible + for + sth.
    • 引起..., 是...的原因, 对...起作用, 构成...的一部分

---

It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.

• complex sentence:
• knowledge:
  • to be of + 名词 用来表示人或物的特征

---

Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.

• simple sentence:
  • Officials from Greenwich Observatory [subject]
  • have sth checked [predicate verb phrase]
  • the clock [object]
  • twice a day [adverbial of time]
• knowledge:
  • have sth done
    • have the clock checked
    • 使某事被做

---

On the BBC, you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.

• complex sentence:
  • On the BBC [adverbial of time]
  • you can hear the clock when it is actually striking
    • you can hear the clock
      • you [subject]
      • can hear [predicate verb phrase]
      • the clock [object]
    • when it is actually striking
      • when + clause [adverbial clause of time]
      • it [subject]
      • actually [adverbial]
      • is striking [predicate verb phrase] [present continuous tense]
  • because microphones are connected to the clock tower
    • because + clause [adverbial clause of cause]
    • microphones [subject]
    • are connected to [predicate verb phrase] [passive form of verb]
    • the clock tower [object]

---

Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.

• simple sentence:
  • Big Ben [subject]
  • rarely [adverbial]
  • has gone [link verb]
  • wrong [predicative] [adjective]

---

Once, however, it failed to give the correct time.

• simple sentence:
  • however
  • once
  • it [subject]
  • failed to do [predicate verb phrase]
  • to give the correct time [to-do as object]
    • give [verb phrase]
    • the correct time [object]
• knowledge:
  • fail + to + do. + (sth.)
    • v. 没有做到..., 未能...
  • correct + time
    • n. 准确的时间

---

A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!

• complex sentence:

  • A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands

    • A painter hung a pot of paint on one of the hands
      • a painter [subject]
      • hung sth on sth [predicate verb phrase]
      • a pot of paint [object]
      • one of the hands [adverbial of place]
    • who had been working on the tower
      • who + clause [attributive clause]
      • who [subject]
      • had been working on [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect continuous tense]
      • the tower [adverbial of place]

  • and

  • slowed it down!

    • slowed ... down [predicate verb phrase]
    • it [object]
• knowledge:
  • have + been. + doing.
    • v. (完成进行时); 一直在...(做某事)
  • work + on + sth.
    • v. 工作在...
  • slow + sth. + down
    • vt. (使)慢下来

---

• one of the first things you will see is Big Ben
  • 主 主 谓 谓 里面的主句是从句
  • 长难句：
    • 标点符号
    • 关键词
    • 分析主谓

---

• 语言 - 语法 - 连词从句：
  • 1~3单元：
    • simple sentence:
    • complex sentence:
    • complex sentence:
  • 第四单元：复习性质的单元
    • 重点内容的归纳总结
    • 把握24课的循环规律
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