Lesson 62 After the fire

中文

大火之后

消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把火势控制住。

就在不久之前，参天大树还覆盖着方圆数英里的土地。

而现在，发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾，弥漫在荒凉的山丘上。

冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁，因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。

在大火最后被扑灭后，森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽。

飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上。

飞机撒播近一个月后，开始下起雨来。

然而到那时，很多地方的草已经生了根。

一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上，代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树。

英文

Firemen had been fighting [ˈfaɪtɪŋ] the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.

A short time before, great trees had covered [ˈkʌvəd] the countryside for miles around.

Now, smoke still rose [rəʊz] up from the warm ground over the desolate [ˈdesələt] hills.

Winter was coming on and the hills threatened [ˈθret(ə)nd] the surrounding villages with destruction [dɪˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n], for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods [flʌdz] as well.

When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities [ɔːˈθɒrətiz] ordered several tons [tʌnz] of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.

The seed was sprayed [spred] over the ground in huge [hjuːdʒ] quantities [kˈwɒntɪtɪz] by airplanes.

The planes had been planting [ˈplɑːntɪŋ] seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.

By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.

In place of great trees which had been growing there for centuries [ˈsentʃəriz], patches [ˈpætʃɪz] of green had begun to appear in the blackened [ˈblækənd].

分析

Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.

• complex sentence:
  • fireman had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks
    • fireman [subject]
    • had been fighting [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect continuous tense]
    • the forest fire [object]
    • for nearly three weeks [adverbial of time]
  • before they could get it under control
    • before + clause [adverbial clause of time]
    • they could get it under control
      • they [subject]
      • could get [predicate verb phrase]
      • it [object]
      • under control [adverbial of manner]
• knowledge:
  • under + control
    • prep. 被控制住

---

A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.

• complex sentence:
  • a short time before [adverbial of time]
  • great tree [subject]
  • had covered [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect tense]
  • the countryside [object]
  • for miles around [adverbial of place]

Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.

• simple sentence:
  • Now [adverbial of time]
  • smoke [subject]
  • still rose up [predicate verb phrase]
  • from the warm ground [adverbial of place]
  • over the desolate hills [adverbial of place]
• knowledge:
  • rise + up
    • v. 起义

---

Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction , for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.

• complex sentence:
  • winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction
    • winter was coming on
      • winter [subject]
      • was coming on [predicate verb phrase] [past continuous tense]
    • and
    • the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction
      • the hills [subject]
      • threatened sth. with sth. [predicate verb phrase] [past simple tense]
        • the surrounding villages [direct object]
        • destruction [propositional object]
  • for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well
    • for [conjunction]
    • heavy rain [subject]
    • would not only wash away the soil but also would cause serious floods [predicate verb phrase]
      • not only ... but also
      • wash away the soil
        • wash away [predicate verb phrase]
        • the soil [object]
      • cause serious floods
        • cause [predicate verb phrase]
        • serious floods [object]
• knowledge:
  • for是一个并列连词，用于陈述原因，
  • come + on
    • v. 进行; 发生, 开始; 进步; 进展; 生长; 成长; 出场; 到来; 来临; 举行; 上演; 放映; 上台; 留下印象; 偶遇, 碰上; 发现; 发生
    • interj. 快, 赶快; 快来; 来吧; 拜托; 别胡扯; 别这样
  • threaten + sth.① + with + sth.②
  • doing.① + sth., 其中 doing. 为动词的现在分词形式作定语
  • not + only + do.① + but + also + do.②
    • do.① 当前为 wash away the soil
    • do.② 当前为 cause serious floods
  • wash + away + sth.
    • vt. 冲走, 清洗; 消除; 涤荡; 涤除

---

When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.

• complex sentence:
  • When the fire had at last been put out
    • when + clause [adverbial clause of time]
    • the fire had at last been put out
      • the fire [subject]
      • had been put out [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect tense] [passive form of verb]
      • at last [adverbial of manner]
  • the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly
    • the forest authorities [subject]
    • ordered [predicate verb phrase]
    • several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly [object]
      • which would grow quickly [attributive clause]
        • which [subject]
        • would grow [predicate verb phrase]
        • quickly [adverbial]
• knowledge:
  • at + last + ...
    • adv. 至少...

---

The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by airplanes.

• simple sentence:
  • The seed [subject]
  • was sprayed [predicate verb phrase] [passive form of verb]
  • over the ground [adverbial of place]
  • in huge quantities [adverbial]
  • by airplanes [adverbial of manner]
• knowledge:
  • over + the + ground
    • prep. 相对于地面
  • by + airplane
    • adv. 搭飞机
  • in + quantity

---

The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.

• complex sentence:
  • The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month
    • the planes [subject]
    • had been planting [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect continuous tense]
    • seed [object]
    • for nearly a month [adverbial of time]
  • when it began to rain
    • when + clause [adverbial clause of time]
    • it began to rain
      • it [subject]
      • began to [predicate verb phrase]
      • rain [object]

---

By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.

• complex sentence:
  • By then [adverbial of time]
  • however
  • in many places the grass had already taken root
    • in many places the grass [subject]
    • had taken root [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect tense]
    • already [adverbial]

---

In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries , patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil .

• complex sentence:
  • In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries
    • in place of the great tree [noun phrase]
    • which had been growing there for centuries [attributive clause]
      • which [subject]
      • had been growing [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect continuous tense]
      • there [object]
      • for centuries [adverbial of time]
  • patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil
    • patches of green [subject]
    • had begun to do [predicate verb phrase] [past perfect tense]
    • to appear[to-do as object]
    • in the blackened soil [adverbial of place]
• knowledge:
  • in place of 代替

---

• had been fighting 过去完成进行时，表示过去某一时刻之前一直进行的动作
• before they could get it under control.
  • under control 受到控制
• for miles around 方圆数英里
• Winter was coming on，冬天即将来临，come on 做开始、来临，用于指时间、季节等自然条件的出现。
• for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil, but would cause serious floods as well.
  • for是一个并列连词，用于陈述原因，
  • wash away是冲刷的意思
• in huge quantities， 大量的
• take root 生根
• in place of 代替
• in the place of 在...的地方
• out of control
• get sth. under control 使...得到控制
• over 介词 笼盖、辐照
• come on 开始、来临
• threaten .... with ..... 以....威胁
• for + 一段时间