Lesson 53 Hot snake
Lesson 53 Hot snake
中文
触电的蛇
消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火。
从那时起，他们一直试图找出起火的原因。
森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起。
昨天，消防队员仔细查看了地面，但未能发现碎玻璃。
他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的。
然而今天上午，一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因。
他发现了缠绕在16,000伏高压线上的一条死蛇。
就这样，他解开了起火之谜。
解释很简单，却异乎寻常。
一只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来，然后把它扔到了电线上。
于是蛇就缠住了几根电线。
当它这样做时，把火花送到了地面，这些火花立刻引起了一场大火。
California
英文
At last [lɑːst] firemen have put out a big forest fire in California [ˌkæləˈfɔːniə].
Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began.
Forest [ˈfɒrɪst]** fire are often caused [kɔːzd] by broken glass or by cigarette [ˌsɪɡəˈret] ends [endz] which people carelessly [ˈkeələsli] throw away.
Yesterday the firemen examined [ɪgˈzæmɪnd] the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass.
They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.
This morning, however, a fire men accidentally [ˌæksɪˈdentəli] discovered the cause [kɔːz].
He notice the remains [rɪˈmeɪnz] of a snake which was wound [wuːnd] round the electric wires [ˈwaɪərz] of a 16000-volt power line.
In this way, he was able to solve the mystery.
The explanation [ˌekspləˈneɪʃn] was simple but very unusual.
A bird had snatched [snætʃt] up the snake from the ground and then dropped [drɒpt] it on the wires [ˈwaɪə(r)].
The snake then wound itself round the wires.
When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started [ˈstɑːtɪd] a fire.
分析
At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California [ˌkæləˈfɔːniə].
- simple sentence:
- At last
[predicate verb phrase]的[adverbial of time] - firemen
[subject] - have put out
[predicate verb phrase][present perfect tense] - a big forest fire
[object] - in California
- At last
- knowledge:
- at + last prep. 最后; 终于
- put + out + the + fire v. 灭火
Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began.
- simple sentence:
- Since then
[adverbial of time] - they
[subject] - have been trying to do sth
[predicate verb phrase][present perfect continuous tense] - to find out how the fire began (to do)
- find out 非
[predicate verb phrase] - how the fire began 非
[predicate verb phrase]的宾语从句
- find out 非
- Since then
- knowledge:
- since + then prep. 从那以来, 从此
- have + been. + doing. v. (完成进行时); 一直在...(做某事)
- try + to + do. + (sth.) v. 试着...; 尽力...\
- find + out +
[object clause]v. 发现...
Forest [ˈfɒrɪst] fire are often caused [kɔːzd] by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly [ˈkeələsli] throw away.
- simple sentence:
- Forest fire
[subject] - are caused
[predicate verb phrase]被动语态 - often
[adverbial][frequently adverb] - by broken glass or by cigarette end which people carelessly throw away.
[adverbial]:- which 引导的定语从句
- people carelessly throw away
- people
[subject] - carelessly
[adverbial] - throw away
[predicate verb phrase]
- people
- Forest fire
Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass.
- compound sentence:
- Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully
- Yesterday
[predicate verb phrase]的[adverbial of time] - the firemen
[subject] - examined
[predicate verb phrase] - the ground
[object] - carefully
[predicate verb phrase]的后置状语
- Yesterday
- but
- the fireman were not able to find any broken glass
- the fireman
[subject] - were not able to
[predicate verb phrase] - find any broken glass 非
[predicate verb phrase]- find 非
[predicate verb phrase] - any broken glass 非
[predicate verb phrase]的宾语
- find 非
- the fireman
- Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully
- knowledge:
- yesterday, 名词性副词 adv. 昨天, 昨日; 最近, 新近
They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.
- simple sentence:
- They
[subject] - were
[be verb] - also
[adverbial] - quiet sure
[predicative][noun phrase] - that 引导的宾语从句
- a cigarette end did not start the fire
- a cigarette end
[subject] - did not start
[predicate verb phrase] - the fire
[object]
- a cigarette end
- a cigarette end did not start the fire
- They
- knowledge:
- be. + sure + (that) 引导的宾语从句 这是一个固定搭配。
This morning, however, a fire men accidentally [ˌæksɪˈdentəli] discovered the cause [kɔːz].
- simple sentence:
- this morning
[adverbial of time] - a fire men
[subject] - discovered
[predicate verb phrase] - accidentally
[adverbial] - the cause
- this morning
He notice the remains of a snake which was wound [wuːnd] [wind] round the electric wires of a 16000-volt power line.
- complex sentence:
- 主句：He notice the remains of a snake
- He
[subject] - notice
[predicate verb phrase] - the remains of a snake
[object]
- He
- 从句：which 引导的定语从句
- which was wound roud the electric wires of a 16000-volt power line.
- which was主语
- wound
[prepositional object phrase]``[predicate verb phrase] - round the electric ••• line.
[prepositional object phrase]
- which was wound roud the electric wires of a 16000-volt power line.
- 主句：He notice the remains of a snake
In this way, he was able to solve the mystery [ˈmɪstri].
- simple sentence:
- in this way 前置
[adverbial of manner] - he
[subject] - was able to {do}
[predicate verb phrase] - solve the mystery
- solve 非
[predicate verb phrase] - the mystery 非
[predicate verb phrase]的宾语
- solve 非
- in this way 前置
- knowledge:
- in + this + way prep. 以这种方法, 用这个方法, 就这样, 这样
- be. + able + to + do. + (sth.) v. 能够..., 有能力..., 胜任...
The explanation [ˌekspləˈneɪʃn] was simple but very unusual.
- simple sentence:
- The explanation
[subject] - was
[be verb] - simple but very unusual
[predicative](形容词)
- The explanation
- knowledge:
- very + adj. adj. 非常地...
A bird had snatched [snætʃt] up the snake from the ground and then dropped [drɒpt] it on the wires [ˈwaɪə(r)].
- compound sentence:
- A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground
- A bird
[subject] - had snatched up
[predicate verb phrase][present perfect tense] - the snake
[object] - from the ground
[adverbial of place]
- A bird
- and then
- A bird dropped it on the wires
- A bird
[subject] - dropped
[predicate verb phrase] - it
[object] - on the wires
[adverbial of place]
- A bird
- A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground
The snake then wound [wuːnd] [wind] itself round the wires.
- simple sentence:
- The snake
- then
[adverbial] - wound ... round ...
[predicate verb phrase] - itself
[direct object] - round the wires
[prepositional object phrase]
When it did so, it sent sparks down the ground and these immediately stared a fire.
- compound sentence:
- When it did so, it sent sparks down the ground
- When it did so when引导的时间状语从句
- it
[subject] - sent ... down ..
[predicate verb phrase] - sparks
[direct object] - the ground
[prepositional object phrase]
- and
- these immediately stared a fire
- these
[subject] - immediately
[adverbial] - started
[predicate verb phrase] - a fire
- these
- When it did so, it sent sparks down the ground
- hot 带电的
- wire 电线
- solve 解决
- at last 最后、终于
- put out 熄灭、扑灭
- find out 查明、查出
- now that 既然，由于
- they have been trying to find out how the fire began.
- how the fire began
[object clause]
- how the fire began
- broken glass 碎玻璃
- throw away 扔掉
- cigarette ends = butt 烟头
- in this way 就这样，这种方式，这种方法。
- the remains of a snake
- of 表示一种属性，前面的名词修饰后面的名词。A of B => B的A
- n + 从句：
- 定语从句，修饰限定名词，任意名词后
- 同位语从句，解释说明名词，抽象名词后
- when it did so.
- so 代词，如此，这样
- 时态：
[present perfect tense]：- 形式：have/has + done
- 用法：截止到现在位置，完成状态；现在的之前；
- 现在全部完成
- 现在部分完成
- 现在完成进行时：对
[present perfect tense]态的补充；现在的之前到现在，还在进行，未完成。- 形式：have/has + been doing
- 用法：