Lesson 51 Reward for virtue
Lesson 51 Reward for virtue
中文
对美德的奖赏
我的朋友休一直很胖，但是近来情况变得越发糟糕，以致他决定节食。
他是一星期前开始节食的。
首先，他开列了一张长长的单子，上面列了所有禁吃的食物。
这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。
昨天我去看望了他。
我按响了门铃，当看到休仍和往常一样胖时，我并不感到惊奇。
他把我领进屋，慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面。
显然他感到很尴尬。
当我问他正干什么时，他内疚地笑了，然后把那个大包拿到了桌上。
他解释说，他的饮食控制得太严格了，以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下。
接着他给我看了包里的东西。
里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果！
英文
My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided [dɪˈsaɪdɪd] to go on a diet.
He began his diet a week ago.
First of all, he wrote [rəʊt] out a long list of all the food which were forbidden.
The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice [raɪs], beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets.
Yesterday I paid him a visit.
I rang [ræŋ] the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.
It was obvious [ˈɒbviəs] that he was very embarrassed [ɪmˈbærəst].
When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.
He explained [ɪkˈspleɪnd] that his diet was so strict [strɪkt] that he had to reward himself occasionally [əˈkeɪʒnəli].
Then he showed me the contents of the parcel.
It contained five large bars of chocolate [ˈtʃɒklət] and three bags of sweets!.
分析
My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
- compound sentence:
- My friend, Hugh, has always been fat
- My friend
[subject] - Hugh
[appositive] - has been
[be verb][present perfect tense] - fat
[predicative] - always
[frequently adverbial]
- My friend
- but
- things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
- things got so bad recently
- things
[subject] - got
[link verb][past simple tense] - so bad
[predicative] - recently
[adverbial]
- things
- so ... that ... he decided to go on a diet
- so ... that ...
[adverbial clause of result] - he
[subject] - decided {to do}
[predicate verb phrase] - to go on a diet
[to-do as object]
- so ... that ...
- things got so bad recently
- My friend, Hugh, has always been fat
- knowledge:
- so + adj. + that + 结果状语从句 col. 如此...以至于...
- get + adj. v. 逐渐变得...
- decide + to + do. + (sth.) v. 决定...(做某事)
- go + on + a + diet v. 用规定食谱, 节食
He began [bɪˈɡæn] his diet a week ago.
- simple sentence:
- He
[subject] - began
[predicate verb phrase][past simple tense] - his diet
[object] - a week ago
[adverbial of time]
- He
- knowledge:
- begin + sth. vt. 开始
First of all, he wrote [rəʊt] out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden [fəˈbɪdn].
- complex sentence:
- First of all
[adverbial of manner] - he wrote out a long list of all the foods
- he
[subject] - wrote out
[predicate verb phrase] - a long list of all the foods
[object]
- he
- which were forbidden
[attributive clause]- which
[subject] - were forbidden
[predicate verb phrase][passive form of verb]
- which
- First of all
- knowledge:
- firs of all 首先
- write + out + sth. vt. 写出, 全部写出, 缮写, 开(药方)
- a + list + of + sth. n. 一列, 一栏
The list include most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice [raɪs], beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets [swiːt].
- simple sentence:
- The list
[subject] - include
[predicate verb phrase] - most of the thing
[object] - Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets
[attributive clause]- Hugh
[subject] - loves
[predicate verb phrase]
- Hugh
- The list
Yesterday I paid him a visit.
- simple sentence:
- Yesterday
[adverbial of time] - I
[subject] - paid
[predicate verb phrase] - him
[indirect object] - a visit
[direct object]
- Yesterday
- knowledge:
- yesterday, 名词性副词 adv. 昨天, 昨日; 最近, 新近
I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
- complex sentence:
- I rang the bell
- I was not surprise to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever
- I was not surprise to see + (that) 引导的宾语从句
- I
[subject] - was not surprise to
[predicate verb phrase] - to see
[to-do as object]
- I
- that Hugh was still as fat as ever
[object clause]- Hugh
[subject] - was
[be verb][past simple tense] - still
[adverbial] - as fat as ever
[predicative][adjective]
- Hugh
- I was not surprise to see + (that) 引导的宾语从句
- knowledge:
- as + adj. + as + sth. adj. 跟...(相比)一样的..., 像...一样的..., 如...般...
- see + (that) 引导的宾语从句 vt. 看见..., 看到...; 查看...; 参观..., 游览...; 理解..., 知道...; 同意...
He led me into this room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.
- compound sentence:
- He led me into this room
- He
[subject] - led sb. into sth.
[predicate verb phrase] - me
[object] - this room
[object complement]
- He
- and
- he hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk
- He
[subject] - hurriedly
[adverbial] - hid
[predicate verb phrase][past simple tense] - a large parcel
[object] - under his desk
[adverbial of place]
- He
- He led me into this room
- knowledge:
- lead + sb. + into + sth. 这是一个动词短语。
- hide + sth.① + under + sth.②
It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.
- complex sentence:
- It
[subject] - was
[be verb][past simple tense] - obvious
[predicative][adjective] - that he was very embarrassed
[noun clause[real subject]- he
[subject] - was
[be verb][past simple tense] - very embarrassed
[predicative][adjective]
- he
- It
- knowledge:
- It + is + obvious + (for + sb.) + (that) + 主语从句
When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guilty and then put the parcel on the desk.
- complex sentence:
- When I asked him what he was doing
- When + clause
[adverbial clause of time] - I
[subject] - asked
[predicate verb phrase][past simple tense] - him
[indirect object] - what he was doing
[direct object][object clause]- he
[subject] - was
[be verb][past simple tense] - doing
[predicative][noun phrase]
- he
- When + clause
- he smiled guilty
- he
[subject] - smiled
[predicate verb phrase][past simple tense] - guilty
[adverbial]
- he
- and then
- he put the parcel on the desk
- he
[subject] - put ... {
[prepositional object phrase]}[predicate verb phrase] - the parcel
[object] - on the desk
[prepositional object phrase]
- he
- When I asked him what he was doing
- knowledge:
- on + the + desk prep. 在桌子上, 在桌上
- put + sth.① + on + sth.② v. 将...放在...上
He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.
- complex sentence:
- He
[subject] - explained
[predicate verb phrase][past simple tense] - that
[object clause]- his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.
- his diet
[subject] - was
[be verb][past simple tense] - so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally
[predicative][adjective]- so .. that + 结果状语从句
- he had to reward himself occasionally
- he
[subject] - had {to do}
[predicate verb phrase] - to reward himself occasionally
[to-do as object]
- he
- his diet
- his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.
- He
- knowledge:
- have + to + do. + (sth.) v. 必须..., 不得不..., 只好...
- reward + sth. vt. 奖赏..., 奖励...; 给...以报酬
Then he showed me the contents of the parcel.
- simple sentence:
- then
- he
[subject] - showed
[predicate verb phrase][past simple tense] - me
[indirect object] - the contents of the parcel
[direct object]
It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets.
- compound sentence:
- It contained five large bars of chocolate
- It
[subject] - contained
[predicate verb phrase][past simple tense] - five large bars of chocolate
[object]
- It
- and
- It contained three bags of sweets
- It
[subject] - contained
[predicate verb phrase] - three bags of sweets
[object]
- It
- It contained five large bars of chocolate
- but things got so bad, 但是情况变得如此糟糕
- go on a diet 实行节食
- be on a diet
- I am on a diet now.
- be on a diet
- firs of all 首先
- I paid him a visit 我去拜访他
- as fat as ever 向往常一样胖
- It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.
- that引导的名词性从句，做主语，it是先行主语
- lead to 后接名词和动名词
- write out 写出 动词短语