Lesson 28 No parking

中文

贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。

他刚在城里买下一所新房子，但自从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发生了磨擦。

当他夜里回到家时，总是发现有人把车停在他家大门外。

为此，他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库。

贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边，但没有任何效果。

现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边，这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一。

我问他那是什么？他告诉我那是蛇发女怪美杜莎。

贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头。

但到目前为止还没有一个变成石头呢！

英文

Jasper [ˈdʒæspə(r)] White [waɪt] is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths [mɪθs].

He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since [sɪns] he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.

When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate.

Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.

Jasper has put up "No Parking" signs [saɪnz] outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.

Now he has put an ugly [ˈʌɡli] stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces [ˈfeɪsɪz] I have ever seen.

I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon.

Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.

But none [nʌn] of them has been turned to stone yet.

分析

Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

• complex sentence:
  • Jasper White is one of those rare people
    • Jasper White [subject]
    • is [be verb]
    • one of those rare people [predicative] [noun phrase]
  • who believes in ancient myths [attributive clause]
    • who [subject]
    • believe in [predicate verb phrase]
    • ancient myths [object]

---

He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cards and their owners.

• compound sentence:
  • He has just bought a new house in the city
    • he [subject]
    • has bought [predicate verb phrase] [present perfect tense]
    • just [adverbial]
    • a new house [object]
    • in the city [adverbial]
  • but
  • ever since he moved in
    • ever since [adverbial of time]
    • he [subject]
    • moved in [predicate verb phrase]
  • he has had trouble with cars and their owners
    • he [subject]
    • has had [predicate verb phrase]
    • trouble with cars and their owners [object]
      • trouble
      • with cars and their owners [attributive]
• knowledge:
  • have + trouble + with + sth.
    • v. 与...有纠纷, 有...的病痛

---

When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate.

• complex sentence:
  • When he returns home at night
    • when + clause [adverbial clause of time]
    • he [subject]
    • returns [predicate verb phrase]
    • home [object]
    • at night [adverbial of time]
  • he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate
    • he [subject]
    • always [frequently adverbial]
    • finds [predicate verb phrase]
    • that someone has parked a car outside his gate [object clause]
      • someone [subject]
      • has parked [predicate verb phrase] [present perfect tense]
      • a card outside his gate [object]
        • a card
        • outside his gate [attributive]

---

Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.

• simple sentence:
  • because of this
  • he [subject]
  • has not been able to [predicate verb phrase]
  • get his own car into his garage [to-do as object]
  • even once [adverbial of manner]
• knowledge:
  • because + of + sth. prep. 因为
  • has not been able to
    • be. + able + to + do. + (sth.) v. 能够..., 有能力..., 胜任...
  • get his own car into his garage
    • get + sth. + adj. v. 让...变得...

---

Jasper has put up 'No Parking' sings outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.

• compound sentence:
  • Jasper has put up 'No Parking' sings outside his gate,
    • Jasper [subject]
    • has put up [predicate verb phrase]
    • 'No Parking' sings [object]
    • outside his gate [adverbial of place]
  • but
  • these have not had any effect
    • these [subject]
    • have not had [predicate verb phrase]
    • any effect [object]

---

Now he has put a ugly stone head over the gate.

• simple sentence:
  • Now [adverbial of time]
  • he [subject]
  • has put .. over .. [predicate verb phrase]
  • a ugly stone head [object]
  • the gate [prepositional object phrase]

---

It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.

• complex sentence:
  • It is one of the ugliest faces
    • It [subject]
    • is [be verb]
    • one of the ugliest face [predicative] [noun phrase]
  • I have ever seen
    • I [subject]
    • have seen [predicate verb phrase]
    • ever [adverbial]
• knowledge:
  • one + of + sth. n. ...之一; ...中的一个

---

I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon.

• compound sentence:
  • I asked him what it was
    • I [subject]
    • asked [predicate verb phrase]
    • him [indirect object]
    • what it was [direct object] [noun clause]
  • and
  • he told me that it was Medua, the Gorgon.
    • he [subject]
    • told [predicate verb phrase] [past simple tense]
    • me [direct object]
    • that it was Medua, the Gorgon [indirect object] [noun clause]

---

Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.

• complex sentence:
  • Jasper [subject]
  • hopes [predicate verb phrase]
  • that she will turn car and their owners to stone. [object clause]
    • she [subject]
    • turn .. to [predicate verb phrase]
    • car and their owners [object]
    • stone [prepositional object phrase]
• knowledge:
  • hope + (that) 引导的宾语从句 vt. 希望...; 期望...

---

But none of them has been turned to stone yet.

• simple sentence:
  • none of them [subject]
  • has been turned [predicate verb phrase] [passive form of verb]
  • to stone [subject complement] [prepositional object phrase]
  • yet [adverbial]

---

• rare adj. 罕见的
  • a rare bird.
  • Pandas are rare today.
  • It's rare to see such a thing.
  • It's rare for him to see the film.
• ancient adj. 古代的 古老的
  • ancient history
  • ancient civilization
  • ancient poem
• myths
• trouble n. 麻烦
  • He has trouble with his teeth
  • The plan ran into trouble.
  • Peter got into trouble when he climbed the mountain.
  • His new car gave him a lot of trouble.
  • If you can't get there on time, you will be in trouble.
• effect n. 结果效果
• gate :
  • n. 大门；登机口；闸门，阀门；（体育比赛的）观众人数；（体育比赛的）门票收入

---

• one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
  • who believe in ancient myths 是一个从句，起定语作用，修饰one；of those rare people 是另一个定语， 用于修饰one
• he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.
  • be able to 与 can 表达相同的意思。
  • even 用来修饰once，加强语气
• stone head 石雕头像
• It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.
  • I have ever seen. 定语从句，用于修饰face
• one of +名词/代词 (of后的名词必须用复数）
  • One of your classmates is going to meet you at the airport.
• believe in 信赖、信仰
• ever since 自从那以后
  • Ever since he met Helen, he has changed completely.
  • Ryan went to America last year, I have never seen him again even since.
• have trouble with 有什么麻烦、有什么纠纷
• because of / because
  • because 连词、因为（引导的原因状语从句）
    • Because it was raining, he didn't go out for a walk.
  • because of 介词短语 因为 （后接名词、代词）
    • Becuase of the rain, he didn't go out for a walk [wɔːk]
• can / be able to 能够
  • They have never been able to get together since graduation.
• put up 张贴，挂起
  • put up street sings
• have effect
• have an effect on 对..有影响
• hope
  • hope for sth 希望、期待某物
    • He is hoping for a letter
  • hope to do sth 希望做某事
  • hope that 希望
    • Sam hopes that he can win the game.
  • wish sb to do sth.
    • What do you wish me to do?
  • turn ... to / into 把...变成

---

• 定语
  • 定语作用：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
  • 主要有形容词、名词，此外还有代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用‘……的’表示，定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语，定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。
• 定语从句
  • I have a friend who runs a restaurant.
  • 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
    • 关系词：
      • that who whom（只做宾语）
        • 作用：主语、宾语、表语
        • 先行词：人
        • George is college student who studies history.
        • In the office sat a stranger whom I had never met before.
        • Frank is no longer a little boy that he used to be
      • that which
        • 作用：主语、宾语、表语
        • 先行词：物
        • Paul bought a car that was made in France. [subject]
        • That's the fift which I'm going to send to my parents. [object]
        • Our hometown is not the city that it was . [predicative]
      • whose
        • 作用：定语
        • 先行词：人、物
        • The lady whose hair is blond is a famous singer.
        • Please pass me the book whose cover is blue.
    • 特殊情况：
      • 在一般情况下，先行词指人时，that、which、whom在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略：
        • It's the novel (that )I'm reading now.
      • 在下列情况中，先行词指物时，只能用that引导定语从句，而不能用which引导：
        • 先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等代词
          • Vick told us all that had happened.
        • 先行词有the very (正好的，恰好的），the only， the last等修饰
          • This is the only ticket that we can get.
        • 先行词前面有序数词，或者形容词最高级修饰，先行词本身是序数词或者是形容词最高级：
          • It's the most exciting movie that I have ever seen.
          • This is the best that has been used to solve the problem.
        • 先行词前面有only, all, any, no ,few, little等修饰：
          • The man bought all the chocolate that was in the shop.
        • [subject]是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句：
          • Which is the city that you want to visit.
        • 先行词，即有人又有物：
          • The flowers and the kids that are in the photo look so lovely.
        • 有两个定语从句的时候，其中一个关系代词用which，另一个用that
          • It's a famous cafe, which sells coffee that is prepared with greet care.
        • 先行词在主句中做表语，关系代词在从句中也做表语，只能用that：
          • Our hometown is not the city that it used to be .
      • 关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，不可省略，且定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数的方面应该和先行词保持一致。
        • one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词复数形式
        • the only one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词的单数形式